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Showing posts from May, 2021

North Borneo Dispute - Analysis on 1878 and 1903 Treaties

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Disclaimer I’ve always been interested in history, and the idea of diving deep into some areas of history up to even conducting our own readings and research on a specific area, and, perhaps, finding something new to public knowledge. I have never done so. But realised that I should do so for where I opportunity to where other’s may not. There are two areas of history for where I’m fortunate to be brought up with basic understanding and background knowledge. One is Karate, and the other is Sulu Sultanate and the North Borneo Dispute. Regarding to Sulu Sultanate history, the history has been part of a long line of oral history passed down from Sultans to Sultans, Sultans to children, down to my generation in my family. We have also retrieved documentation from the Bruneian Archives allowing us to trace our ancestry all the way back to 1400s. Regarding the North Borneo Dispute, I carry out my research from an unbiased view. However I do feel obligated to state the biased that I was ...

Transcript and Translation to 22 January 1878 Agreement Signed by Sultan Jamal-ul-Azam of Sulu appointing Baron de Overbeck

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This document is a territorial Transcript and Translation to 22 January Agreement  signed by Sultan Jamal-ul-Azam of Sulu appointing Baron de Overbeck as Dato Bendahara and Raja Sandakan written in Malay using the Jawi script. Source image:  http://bruneiresources.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-sulu-treaties.html Below is my own attempt on the transcripts and translation based on the image above: Full transcript in Jawi and Rumi Malay, and English translation of the 22 January 1878 Agreement Signed by Sultan Jamal-ul-Azam of Sulu appointing Baron de Overbeck as Dato Bendahara and Raja Sandakan. Jawi (Arabic script based Malay) transcript: كڤد سكلين بڠسا يڠاد (؟) د اتس بومي دان كڤد بارڠسياڤ (؟) يڠ اكن داتڠ ڤركارا يڠ ترسبوت د باوه اين بهواسڽ اداله كيت سري ڤادوك مولانا السلطان محمد جمال الاعظم ابن المرحوم سري ڤادوك السلطان محمد فضلٔ يڠ ممڤوڽأي كواس دان ڤرنته دالم نڬري سولوق سرة سكلين دايره تعلوقڽ بسرة دڠن سكلين داتؤ٢ دالم كراجأن كيت يڠ سده برهيمڤون برموافقة امڤوڽ تيته بها...